This regulation remains in place until full implementation of IFL policy into national standards (Fig. A default clause in Motion 65 required that by the end of 2016, 80% of overlapping areas between the IFL map ( ) and certified concessions had to be set aside from forestry operations. It was then applied to forests globally, including tropical forests where selective logging prevails (Potapov et al. The IFL concept was originally developed for boreal forests where harvesting is done by clearcutting (Yaroshenko et al. Timeline of intact forest landscapes policy development in the FSC system (Forest Stewardship Council 2017a Miettinen et al. 1), which has major and controversial implications for certified forest operations in both boreal and tropical regions. This decision has triggered an ongoing process of new FSC standard development (Fig. The so-called Motion 65 requires forest managers to protect the vast majorities of the cores of IFLs (Haurez et al. The IFL concept has since become part of the definition of ‘high conservation values’ in FSC Principle 9. IFLs are defined as “a seamless mosaic of forest and naturally treeless ecosystems with no remotely detected signs of human activity and a minimum area of 500 km 2” (Potapov et al. Yet, in 2014, the General Assembly of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) adopted a new policy of intact forest landscapes (IFLs) protection that leans toward a land-sparing approach. Forest certification typically stands for land sharing as it promotes responsible forest management, allowing for the integration of timber extraction and forest conservation in the same forest management unit (Romero et al.
A challenge is to reconcile these approaches. Intact forest landscapes and forest certificationįorest conservation either aims to protect intact forests by preserving them from human impacts (land sparing), or pursues integrative measures that allow for extensive but sustainable use of forest resources (land sharing) as part of long-term forest management.
LANDIS-II is managed as a non-profit scientific and educational organization. Ĭompletely open-source with extensive documentation. įlexible spatial resolution and study area extent.ĭesigned for rapid development and easy distribution and installation of model components.Ī large and active community of users and developers. Users can select from a large library of ecological and social processes. To learn more about our research, see our publications list. And there are meetings and training held every year in various locations across the US and Canada. There are active bulletin boards for Users and Developers.
All model components are free and open-source. We welcome anyone to join the LANDIS-II community and to contribute. The LANDIS-II community is very active with 100's of users and developers worldwide. LANDIS-II is highly customizable with dozens of libraries ('extensions') to choose from. Climate and climate change affect processes throughout the model.
The model simulates change as a function of growth and succession and, optionally, as they are influenced by range of disturbances (e.g., fire, wind, insects), forest management, land use change. The LANDIS-II forest landscape model simulates forests (both trees and shrubs) at decadal to multi-century time scales and spatial scales spanning hundreds to millions of hectares. LANDIS-II is such a landscape forecasting tool that has been developed over the past 30 years with contributions from many individuals and institutions and funding from a range of sponsors, both governmental and private. Forecasting has emerged as an important tool for learning about the future of our landscapes. It is therefore imperative that society has an understanding of how they will change, the consequences of those changes for both humans and wildlife, and the actions necessary to maintain healthy landscapes. The world's landscapes are changing rapidly due to a host of anthropogenic drivers.